A Guide to the History of Mongooses

A Guide to the History of Mongooses Mongooses are individuals from the Herpestidae family, and they are little savage well evolved creatures with 34 separate species found in around 20 genera. As grown-ups, they run in size from 1-6 kilograms (2 to 13 pounds) in weight, and their body lengths extend between 23-75 centimeters (9 to 30 inches). They are essentially African in beginning, albeit one variety is broad all through Asia and southern Europe, and a few genera are discovered distinctly on Madagascar. Ongoing examination on taming issues (in the English language scholastic press, at any rate), has primarily centered around the Egyptian or white-followed mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon). The Egyptian mongoose (H. ichneumon) is a medium-sized mongoose, grown-ups weighing around 2-4 kg (4-8 lb.), with a slim body, around 50-60 cm (9-24 in) long, and a tail around 45-60 cm (20-24 in) long. The hide is grizzled dim, with a particularly darker head and lower appendages. It has little, adjusted ears, a sharp gag, and an adorned tail. The mongoose has a summed up diet that incorporates little to medium-sized spineless creatures, for example, hares, rodents, flying creatures, and reptiles, and they have no issues with eating the flesh of bigger well evolved creatures. Its cutting edge dispersion is all over Africa, in the Levant from the Sinai landmass to southern Turkey and in Europe in the southwestern piece of the Iberian promontory. Mongooses and Human Beings The soonest Egyptian mongoose found at archeological destinations involved by people or our progenitors is at Laetoli, in Tanzania. H. ichneumon remains have likewise been recuperated at a few South African Middle Stone Age destinations, for example, Klasies River, Nelson Bay, and Elandsfontein. In the Levant, it has been recuperated from Natufian (12,500-10,200 BP) destinations of el-Wad and Mount Carmel. In Africa, H. ichneumon has been recognized in Holocene locales and in the early Neolithic site of Nabta Playa (11-9,000 cal BP) in Egypt. Different mongooses, explicitly the Indian dark mongoose, H. edwardsi, are known from Chalcolithic locales in India (2600-1500 BC). A little H. edwardsii was recuperated from the Harrappan development site of Lothal, ca 2300-1750 BC; mongooses show up in models and connected with explicit divinities in both Indian and Egyptian societies. None of these appearances essentially speak to tame creatures. Trained Mongooses Truth be told, mongooses dont appear to have ever been trained in the genuine feeling of the word. They dont require taking care of: like felines, they are trackers and can get their own suppers. Like felines, they can mate with their wild cousins; like felines, given the chance, mongooses will come back to nature. There are no physical changes in mongooses after some time which propose some training procedure at work. In any case, additionally like felines, Egyptian mongooses can make incredible petsâ if you get them at an early age; and, likewise like felines, they are acceptable at downplaying the vermin down: a valuable quality for people to abuse. The connection among mongooses and individuals appears to have made at any rate a stride towards taming in the New Kingdom of Egypt (1539-1075 BC). New Kingdom mummies of Egyptian mongooses were found at the twentieth tradition site of Bubastis, and in Roman period Dendereh and Abydos. In his Natural History written in the main century AD, Pliny the senior provided details regarding a mongoose he found in Egypt. It was very likely the extension of the Islamic human progress that brought the Egyptian mongoose into southwestern Iberian promontory, likely during the Umayyad line (AD 661-750). Archeological proof shows that preceding the eighth century AD, not a single mongooses were in sight in Europe more as of late than the Pliocene. Early Specimens of Egyptian Mongoose in Europe One about complete H. ichneumon was found in the Cave of Nerja, Portugal. Nerja has a few centuries of occupations, including an Islamic period occupation. The skull was recouped from the Las Fantasmas room in 1959, and despite the fact that the social stores in this room date to the last Chalcolithic, AMS radiocarbon dates show that the creature went into the cavern between the sixth and eighth hundreds of years (885-40 RCYBP) and was caught. A previous disclosure was four bones (head, pelvis and two complete right ulnae) recuperated from the Muge Mesolithic period shell middens of focal Portugal. Despite the fact that Muge itself is safely dated to between 8000 AD 7600 cal BP, the mongoose bones themselves date to 780-970 cal AD, demonstrating that it also tunneled into early stores where it passed on. Both of these disclosures bolster the implication that Egyptian mongooses were brought into southwestern Iberia during the extension of the Islamic human progress of the sixth eighth hundreds of years AD, likely the Ummayad emirate of Cordoba, 756-929 AD. Sources Detry C, Bicho N, Fernandes H, and Fernandes C. 2011. The Emirate of Cã ³rdoba (756â€929 AD) and the presentation of the Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon) in Iberia: the remaining parts from Muge, Portugal. Journal of Archeological Scienceâ 38(12):3518-3523.Encyclopedia of Life. Herpestes. Gotten to January 22, 2012Gaubert P, Machordom A, Morales A, Lã ³pez-Bao JV, Veron G, Amin M, Barros T, Basuony M, Djagoun CAMS, San EDL et al. 2011. Comparative phylogeography of two African carnivorans apparently brought into Europe: unraveling common versus human-interceded dispersal over the Strait of Gibraltar. Journal of Biogeographyâ 38(2):341-358.Palomares F, and Delibes M. 1993. Social association in the Egyptian mongoose: bunch size, spatial conduct and between singular contacts in adults. Animal Behaviourâ 45(5):917-925.Myers, P. 2000. Herpestidae (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Gotten to January 22, 2012 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/account s/data/Herpestidae.html.Riquelme-Cantala JA, Simã ³n-Vallejo MD, Palmqvist P, and Cortã ©s-Snchez M. 2008. The most seasoned mongoose of Europe. Journal of Archeological Science 35(9):2471-2473. Ritchie EG, and Johnson CN. 2009. Predator associations, mesopredator discharge and biodiversity conservation. Ecology Letters 12(9):982-998.Sarmento P, Cruz J, Eira C, and Fonseca C. 2011. Modeling the inhabitance of sympatric carnivorans in a Mediterranean ecosystem. European Journal of Wildlife Researchâ 57(1):119-131.van der Geer, A. 2008 Animals in Stone: Indian warm blooded animals designed through time. Brill: Leiden.

Importance of awareness of the security knowledge Free Essays

This task endeavors to show the significance of attention to the security information that will make us increasingly mindful about dangers like escrow administrations extortion, fits and parodying. There’s insights shows the ongoing patterns of these sorts of dangers that individuals as a rule face in the Internet. The effects generally negative and once in a while there are enormous misfortunes. We will compose a custom article test on Significance of attention to the security information or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now The exploration contemplates the capability of cybernetics’s to build misfortune, tricks and parodying, both locally and around the world. Long range interpersonal communication locales went to be at the highest point of the objectives for assailants. Crossbeam said (201 1), these interpersonal organization destinations resemble a fortune trove of prized data for cybernetics’s. The motivation behind why they’re concentrating on informal organization locales Is on the grounds that It has million’s of clients which implies a great deal of extortion openings. In such a well known open programming applications, it’ll be simpler for the programmers to reach and access individual data. One of the most up to date sorts of tricks is email mocking. Crossbeam characterized email parody as phony email messages, that resembles it’s a companion demand. It accompanies appended document as image of the record requesting a solicitation. These sorts of messages must convey some kind of infection, for instance a Trojan pony that tells secret key and other Important Information; It works If the collector taps on the connection. Pushing effort implies, when the email Is exhibiting a page that’s shows the login pages of any informal community site in the substance of the email. Also, its phony, and any private data that entered in this page, for example, secret phrase is legitimately moved to the programmer. In Youth trick, spammed make counterfeit Youth accounts, and send solicitations to others Youth clients through email requesting that they see their profiles. Without a doubt, in the event that somebody went to the connection Its going to move them to he spammed site (Rafter. 2011). In the Gulf nations 25 percent of tablet clients and 20 percent of tidied proprietors got sends month to month with dubious connections. Additionally, 13 percent of versatile clients had gotten letters from banks or informal community destinations. Measurements shows that 62% Of Emirates can't Identify the Pushing Message (Bubbler, 2012). As per Speakeasy, about 35% of the PC’s in the Gulf nations have been tainted in light of the fact that the clients opens any connection in their email, and 14 % of individuals entered their own Information or monetary Information In dubious pages. Web because of its exposure has been pulling in fraudsters whose objectives are stealing clients assets by utilizing counterfeit difficult situations (Palfrey, et. Al, 2010). Owed to the quick react from the clients in the Internet, a fraudster could post phony and bogus Information or a story to pick up cash from individuals. A portion of the notable behaviors incorporate large gifts under the name of poor nation in Africa some place individuals are confronting starvations and starve to death. Fraudsters show recordings and photographs that clients to give accounts for those poor nations. Unfortunately, the store doesn’t go to the poor nations however to the cybernetics’s pocket. This was the most well-known cybercafã © in the United Arab Emirates, which include cash misrepresentation and coercion (Grab, 2014). As per official insights in ABA Dhabi, â€Å"in 2011, 588 instances of cybercafã ©s were accounted for, while 792 cases were accounted for in 2012. The quantity of cases nearly multiplied to 1,419 in 2013†³ (Grab, 2014). Numerous nearby clients have confronted these sort of wrongdoings, anyway as indicated by Gun]obi (2011) Charity tricks have been spreading between emirates clients. Junior included (2011) these hurries objective is exploiting local people graciousness and their absence of mindfulness in the Internet field (Junior, 2011). As indicated by Sultan AAA-Tamil, (201 1), Social systems destinations have an immense number of clients, along these lines, it will make a decent store from gathering cash and gifts to the people in question. He stated, there was a hash tag in twitter known by Dissocialized) that gather gifts for the misfortunes, they gather in excess of 70,000 SIR. The issue was that they weren’t certain sure if these gifts went to the people in question and there families or not. A specialist in ASK cautioned whoever needs to give; they need to contribute with their cash in a notable gift association to abstain from sending their assets to an obscure association that uproarious be a Fraudsters. He included, clients in the Internet must look carefully into the online gifts requests regardless of whether they sound solid, Just to maintain a strategic distance from rushes. Numerous people felt that there ought to be approved associations to gather gifts from informal organizations clients to acquire help for destitute individuals to make sure that the cash goes to the individuals who truly need it. Instructions to refer to Importance of familiarity with the security information, Papers

The Battle of Gettysburg between the Union and the Confederates - Free Essay Example

The Battle of Gettysburg fought from July 1 to July 3, 1863, is considered the most important engagement of the American Civil War. Where Confederate forces led by General Robert E. Lee and the Union army led by General George Meade. The battle left more than 51,000 wounded, killed, captured, or claimed to miss. The wounded soldiers were crowded in nearby buildings, and many of the dead bodies lay in scantly graves in the ground (https://rmc.library.cornell.edu/gettysburg/never_forget/battle.htm). Confederate General Robert E. Lee launched his second invasion of the northern states. His goal was to defeat the Union army on Northern soil; in which, he hoped would force the Lincoln administration to negotiate for peace. He sought out to take the war out of the Virginia farmland and gather supplies for his Army of Northern Virginia. Lee used the Shenandoah Valley as cover for his army. He was approached by two Union Major Generals, first General Joseph Hooker, and General George G. Meade (who was then replaced by Hooker). Lees army crossed into Pennsylvania in mid-June, and the opposing forces meet head-on at the crossroads towns of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania on the morning of July 1, 1863. The Confederates surge over the Federals from the fields West and North of town, but were unsuccessful to secure Cemetery Hill and Culps Hill to the South. The next day, following, reinforcements arrived on both sides. Lees army then attacked the Federals on the heights and Little Round Top (fu rther South), but they failed to dislodge the defenders. Lastly, on July 3rd, Lee attacked the Union on Cemetery Ridge and was repulsed in what is now known as Picketts Charge. His second attempt on the invasion failed and resulted in large casualties on both sides. There was an estimated 51,000 that were listed as missing, captured, wounded, or dead (https://www.battlefields.org). The ending results of The Battle of Gettysburg were a victory for the Union. The commanders of this battle were as previously stated for the Union General George G. Meade, and for the Confederate General Robert E. Lee. The forces engaged were 165,620 making up for the Union were 93,921 and for the Confederate at 71,699. The numbers were much larger for the Union; therefore, anyone could see why they had their victory. The confederate was clearly outnumbered by the Union. The total estimated casualties were 51,112. The Union alone had 23,049, of which 3,155 were killed, 14,529 wounded, and 5,365 missing/captured. The Confederate had 28,063 of the 51,122 causalities; of which 3,903 were killed, 18,735 were left wounded, and lastly, 5,425 were listed as missing/captured (https://www.battlefields.org/learn/civil-war/battles/gettysburg). Pennsylvanias Governor Andrew Curtin responded to the crisis by purchasing 17 acres of land for a proper burial ground for the Union dead. Within four mo nths of the battle, reinternment began on the land that became Gettysburg National Cemetery. Today the cemetery is the final resting place for over 6,000 honorably discharged servicemen and their dependents from the Civil War, Spanish-American War, World War I, World War II, and the Vietnam War (https://rmc.library.cornell.edu/gettysburg/never_forget/battle.htm). The 22,000 square foot Museum and Visitor Center is a great place to visit. They have the Soldiers National Cemetery and the David Wills House in town as well, where Abraham Lincoln stayed the night before he gave his Gettysburg Address. The people of the North and the South after The Battle of Gettysburg were sick of war and wanted skirmish to come to an end. In the summer of 1864 (a year later), the Civil War had been rampant on for three years now. Events on the battlefield, just before the election coming that fall, would cover the Souths defeat, catapult Abraham Lincoln to victory and provide momentum for the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment, permanently freeing all slaves in America. Lincoln was expected to lose the election. Late August 1864, most expected former Union General George B. McClellan to defeat Lincoln, yet two months prior General William T. Sherman overpowered Confederate defenses and captured Atlanta. After leaders of his own political party had already considered replacing him on the Republican side, Lincoln won the most known victory in history when he defeated McClellan in the Electoral College with a 212 to 21 vote. His victory in 1864 was made possible by the Unions victory at the Gettys burg in July 1863. When the Confederates were accumulating for another battle charge up the hill, Chamberlain realized he didnt have enough ammunition to survive one more defeat. Most Americans are very familiar with the Battle of Gettysburg; however, it is very difficult to appreciate the savagery fight or the sheer volume of bloodshed that is distressed with both sides of the North and South. What happened on the field of battle after the two sides moved on to continue the fight elsewhere may be most symptomatic of the horrendous experience there. The author of A Strange and Blighted Land: Gettysburg, The Aftermath of a Battle, (written by Gregory Coco), exhaustively researched what happened on the Gettysburg battlefield in the three years following the flight. His descriptions are somewhat difficult to comprehend. He explained that there were thousands of dead soldiers but also three thousand dead horses and other animals. It was a down-right bloodbath. He stated: There was eve ry type of corrupting, decomposing corpse you could imagine. The stench was horrifying for those tasked with the cleaning up the land. (Coco, Gregory. 2018. A Strange and Blighted Land. Havertown: Savas Beatie). The speech is known as the Gettysburg Address given by Abraham Lincoln on November 19, 1863, dedicating to the Soldiers National Cemetery, or also known as the battlefield cemetery at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The cemetery for Union soldiers killed at the Battle of Gettysburg during the Civil War. The speech was written by himself in Washington and revised after his arrival at Gettysburg. His speech was a sheer 271 words and took about only two minutes. This speech is one of Lincolns best-known speech. Lincoln states, Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new, conceived in liberty ad dedication to the proposition that all men are created equal. (https://www.abrahamlincolnonline.org/lincoln/speeches/gettysburg.htm). Lincoln began to envision not just a reunited United States, but a nation freed once and for all of slavery. In conclusion, the Battle of Gettysburg was a battle during the Civil War between the Union and the Confederates. (The north and the south). The Battle of Gettysburg brought over 51,000 soldiers from both the north and the south in a bloodbath, leaving those 51,000 either dead, wounded, captured, or listed as missing. The battle lasted three days beginning on July 1st, 1863 and ended on July 3rd, 1863. The ending resulted in the big victory for the Union over the Confederates, and President Abraham Lincoln winning the presidency by the Electoral College Vote.

working memory - 18399 Words

SMITMC06_0131825089.QXD 3/28/06 6:57 AM Page 239 REVISED PAGES CHAPTER Working Memory 6 Le arn i ng O b j ec t i ves 1. Using Working Memory 1.1. A Computer Metaphor 1.2. Implications of the Nature of Working Memory 2. From Primary Memory to Working Memory: A Brief History 2.1. William James: Primary Memory, Secondary Memory, and Consciousness 2.2. Early Studies: The Characteristics of Short-Term Memory 2.2.1. Brevity of Duration 2.2.2. Ready Accessibility 2.3. The Atkinson-Shiffrin Model: The Relationship of Short-Term and LongTerm Memory 2.4. The Baddeley-Hitch Model: Working Memory 3. Understanding the Working Memory Model 3.1. The Phonological Loop: When It Works and When It Doesn’t 3.2. The Visuospatial Scratchpad 3.3. The†¦show more content†¦These short-term mental storage and manipulation operations are collectively called working memory. Think of working memory as involving a mental blackboard—that is, as a workspace that provides a temporary holding store so that relevant information is highly accessible and available for inspection and computation. When cognitive tasks are accomplished, the information can be easily erased, and the process can begin again with other information. 1.1. A Computer Metaphor The computer, so useful a metaphor in cognitive psychology, offers an intuitively appealing model for thinking about the nature and structure of working memory. SMITMC06_0131825089.QXD 3/28/06 6:57 AM Page 241 REVISED PAGES 1. Using Working Memory Simplifying the workings of a computer, there are two means by which information is stored, the hard disk and random-access memory (RAM). The hard disk is the means by which information is stored permanently in a stable and reliable form; all software programs, data files, and the operating system of the computer are stored on the hard disk. To use this stored information you must retrieve it from the hard disk and load it into RAM. Now for the analogy: the information stored in the hard disk is like long-term memory, RAM corresponds to working memory. The notion of working memory as a temporary workspaceShow MoreRelatedWorking Memory5992 Words   |  24 Pagesï » ¿Working Memory ââ€"  Working memory enables us to keep things in mind for short periods (215 seconds) as we think, e.g. while reading, making a list etc. ââ€"  It s related to but different to short-term-memory (STM) and long-term-memory (LTM). ââ€"  Chapter focuses on Baddley s (1986) model of phonological working memory, vocabulary acquisition and computational modelling of working-memory. ââ€"  The concept of span means how many items from a briefly presented set can be remembered, e.g. word spanRead MoreWorking Memory and Its Benefits Essay2434 Words   |  10 Pagesfunctioning effectively to face immediate environmental changes in our everyday life. This ability is called the Working Memory. The term working memory was coined by Miller, Galanter, and Pribram in 1960 (Baddeley, 2003). It refers to the temporary storage in the brain for manipulation of necessary information to execute cognitive tasks. According to Baddeley and Hitch’s study (1974), working memory comprises three main components, a control system, the central executive and two storage systems, the visuospatialRead MoreWorking Memory Trainings and Limits of Its Transfer2205 Words   |  9 PagesWorking Memory Trainings and Limits of Its Transfer Working memory is the ability one has to manipulate and maintain information mentally, while ignoring other irrelevant distractions and interference in the brain. In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of interest in this field. Research in this area is in fact, still a currently active and quickly developing area. Working memory is so essential in every person’s everyday life that one would not be able to function and perform theirRead MoreWorking Memory : The State Of Memory1367 Words   |  6 PagesWorking Memory describes the state of memory we are actively engaged with. It performs the functions of receiving, temporarily holding and manipulating information (Baddeley, 2010). To assess memory psychologists have found it helpful to define their theories as models. Atkinson and Shiffrin ‘s 1968 Stage Model of Memory defined 3 main components of memory systems; sensory memory from perception of experience that becomes short-term memory (STM), which through rehearsal loads more permanent connectionsRead MoreThe Effects Of Bilingualism On The Executive Function And Working Memory1948 Words   |  8 Pagesmore rapidly to conditions that placed greater demands on working memory. In all cases the bilingual advantage was greater for older participants. These two findings imply that bilingualism have beneficial effects on the executive function and working memory. Besides the excellent executive function ability and the great capability of working memory, researchers also found out that bilinguals have advantages on a particular working memory. The study of Luo et.al (2013) demonstrated that bilingualsRead MoreThe Aging Memory: A Research on Working Memory and Recall Essay1969 Words   |  8 PagesThe aging memory: short-term memory and rec all performance differences found in age groups. 1. Introduction The following research proposal aims to continue to further the discussion and study into human memory. However, specifically more into the difference that can be found between age groups in terms of short-term memory and recall performance. Motivation to undertake in such a study can be said to expand on the existing knowledge as well as to close any gaps due to lack of insight and testingRead MoreEvaluate the Working Memory Model1310 Words   |  6 PagesEvaluate the Working Memory Introduction Human memory is a complex cognitive structure, which can be defined in many ways. One would argue that memory is 1.) The mental function of retaining information about stimuli, event, images, ideas, etc. after the original stimuli is no longer present. 2.) The hypothesized storage system in the mind that holds this information is so retained. A clear distinction is made between different types of memory systems and can be divided into subclasses. TheRead MoreThe Effect Of Speed Pressure On Working Memory During Mental Arithmetic Tasks1211 Words   |  5 Pagesspeed pressure on working memory during mental arithmetic tasks. 392 undergraduate students’ working memory capacities were measured and participants were divided into high and low working memory groups. They were then randomly assigned into the fast or slow condition and tested with the critical stimuli compromised of addition equations. The findings showed that fast conditions result in higher error rates than the slow conditions. The speed pressure also caused high working memory individuals to shiftRead MoreThe Effects Of Anxiety Disorders And Situational Anxiety On Short Term Working Memory1651 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract: This research paper summarizes the results of three academic articles exploring the effects of anxiety disorders, and situational anxiety on short term working memory. These three articles all used different methods in attempt to connec t anxiety with working memory performance. To summarize, these studies attempt to answer the question of whether or not an attentional bias toward threatening (anxiety triggering) exposure or conditions, causes a greater susceptibility to distraction andRead MoreWorking Memory Model Essay941 Words   |  4 Pagesfor being a very simplistic view of memory. They saw short term memory as a store that had many individual sections inside it. This was supported by patient KF who had epilepsy, the doctor wanted to try and remedy this by removing his hippocampus. This surgery was done, however instead of fixing his epilepsy, it damaged his short term memory, yet he still had his long term memory intact. In the multi-store model it states that in order to have long term memory, one needs to have gone through the

Albert Cohen And The Chemical Warfare Service - 868 Words

Albert Cohen, born in Boston in 1918, where he spent the overwhelming majority of his life in academia. In 1939, he completed his undergraduate studies at Harvard, where he was greatly influenced by his professors, most importantly Merton at Harvard, and Sutherland at Indiana. He chose to leave the New England area for graduate school. Cohen attended Indiana University where he completed his sociology graduate degree in 1942, during a tenuous time for the nation and the world, was gripped in war both in Europe and the Pacific. Cohen opted to serve in the war efforts, and the United States Army commissioned him as a Frist Lieutenant where he led soldiers in the Chemical Warfare Service (Mutchnick et al., 1990). A decade after serving his country in the war effort, Cohen returned to Boston and his undergrad lama mater, Harvard University to earn his doctoral degree in sociology in 1951. Cohen taught at Indiana University, University of Connecticut, University of California at Berk ley, and several other prominent institutions of higher learning over the course of his career. Additionally, he served at the managing editor of the American Sociological Review (Mutchnick et al., 1990). Cohen’s career as a criminological scholar was distinguished and he received numerous awards for his work. His most substantial contributions to the field related to his assessment of classism, delinquency, and gang culture. These are significant phenomena in the modern criminologicalShow MoreRelated The Role of Technology in Warfare Essay2132 Words   |  9 Pages–Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (qtd. in Schwartau 540) As the future of warfare becomes more sophisticated, what will be the military technology of tomorrow? The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO, believes that there are three possible answers to that question: nuclear warfare, biological/chemical warfare, or cyber warfare. While nuclear and biological warfare is conducted on a battlefield, cyber warfare operates via the Internet and computers. All of these weapons have the same destructiveRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesManagement Course: MBA−10 General Management California College for Health Sciences MBA Program McGraw-Hill/Irwin abc McGraw−Hill Primis ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Text: Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition Cohen Harvard Business Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell LeadershipRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagesappropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formatsRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesManager, Cover Visual Research Permissions: Karen Sanatar Manager Central Design: Jayne Conte Cover Art: Getty Images, Inc. Cover Design: Suzanne Duda Lead Media Project Manager: Denise Vaughn Full-Service Project Management: Sharon Anderson/BookMasters, Inc. Composition: Integra Software Services Printer/Binder: Edwards Brothers Cover Prin ter: Coral Graphics Text Font: 10/12 Weidemann-Book Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbookRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesorganisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (andRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pagespossi- 30 STRATEGY SAFARI TABLE 2 - 2 STRENGTHS A N D WEAKNESSES CHECKLIST 1. Marketing Product quality Number of product lines Product differentiation Market share Pricing policies Distribution channels Promotional programs Customer service Marketing research Advertising Sales force 2. Research and Development Product RD capabilities Process RD capabilities Pilot plant capabilities 3. Management Information System Speed and responsiveness Quality of current information ExpandabilityRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesperson. The sign said the station is out of sterilization tablets, implying that sterilizing the water will make it safe. Safe in what sense? Sterilizing means killing or removing all the living organisms, but not necessarily all the harmful chemicals. If you were to sterilize water containing gasoline, that wouldnt make it safe to drink. So, the problem is definitely the microorganisms. Now surely the rangers know that hikers are apt to try to sterilize water by boiling it. You reason that

Intersectionality A Sociological And Critical Theory Example For Students

Intersectionality : A Sociological And Critical Theory Intersectionality is a sociological and critical theory about how an individual can face multiple threats such as oppression, domination and discrimination when their various biological, social and cultural identities overlap such as gender, race, sex, wealth, age, ability, sexuality and many other characteristics. Intersectionality maintains that oppressive institutions such as racism, classism, ageism and countless more â€Å"isms†, are interconnected and do not act separately of one another. The idea of intersectionality applies to both genders but is traditionally applied to women. Victoria Bromley, author of Feminism Matters: Debates, Theories and Activism expresses intersectionality by explaining how power is utilized in various forms to empower and show privilege in the feminist society. She also discusses oppression as a tool of understanding how intersectionality is a complex idea. Bromley, argues using everyday examples and analysis to illustrate how intersectionalit y affects how a women can experience oppression in various ways and intensities depending on the way her social and cultural categories are interconnected. In Feminism Matters, Victoria Bromley analyses the use of power and how it intertwines with intersectionality and the feminist culture. There are two different ways that power is visualized in our society. The first branch she discusses, is empowerment. Bromley defines empowerment as a power that permits people to live more accomplished lives. Empowerment is an important aspect of feminism as it promotes power to be shared and be used for good instead of evil. Bromley believes that empowerment is â€Å"collective, expansive, and beneficial†¦Empowerment increases the social, economic, political and spiritual strength of individuals and their communities† (Bromley 50). The other side of power that Bromley mentions is the power that focuses on the systems of inclusion and exclusion, hierarchies of privilege and the system of domination and subordination. This type of power is what defines the struggle of intersectionality and what feminists want to eliminate in our society. It defines the fact that women are all the same and share the exact same life experiences; which is untrue. Another big aspect of power within intersectionality is privilege. Privilege, â€Å"†¦refers to an unspoken and invisible advantage that is not earned but conferred based on markers of identity- gender, race, class, sexuality, ability, and age† (Bromley 53). Bromley explains how power can be associated with privileged. For example, she explains how the unearned privilege of a white candidate who is being interviewed, means they are offered the job based on their perceived skin colour. The relationship between power and privilege is important as in this example, it determines who gets the job based off of their skin colour, ignoring the fact that the applicant may not have the credentials for the job. This disqualifies all the applicants with ethnic names, various races and backgrounds to even get the opportunity because of discrimination and exclusion. In our socie ty privilege is only associated with an image of a heterosexual, white, wealthy man and they are who are dominating this world. Feminists are trying to eradicate this idea of unearned privilege but the only way this can happen is if society becomes conscious of the seriousness of intersectionality. Oppression is another main theme in Bromley’s argument about intersectionality. The oppression you face is based on your markers of identity, such as race, gender, sex, sexuality, wealth and many more but it is impossible to understand these categories as being, â€Å"separated from the oppressive structures that form interlocking systems of oppression† (Bromley 55). Some of these oppressive structures are patriarchy, racism, colonialism, Eurocentrism, heterosexism, transphobia and ableism and prevent change and social lawfulness. To understand the complexity of oppression we have to look at the methods used to oppress people such as domination, inclusion, exclusion, inequality and exploitation to acquire another people’s land, culture and wealth. For example, Eurocentrism, uses the method of inclusion and exclusion to show the world that the ideal image of a European is the only valuable identity there is. They are known to use methods of oppression, domination, inclusion, exclusion, inequality and exploitation to acquire another people’s land, culture and wealth. For example, Eurocentrism, uses the method of inclusion and exclusion to show the world that the ideal image of a European is the only valuable identity there is. These oppressive structures have greatly influenced our world when it comes to understanding how the effects of intersectionality depend on the time period, geological aspect and location. .ue53a898c6ee369b7f4532a2bb0743ee8 , .ue53a898c6ee369b7f4532a2bb0743ee8 .postImageUrl , .ue53a898c6ee369b7f4532a2bb0743ee8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue53a898c6ee369b7f4532a2bb0743ee8 , .ue53a898c6ee369b7f4532a2bb0743ee8:hover , .ue53a898c6ee369b7f4532a2bb0743ee8:visited , .ue53a898c6ee369b7f4532a2bb0743ee8:active { border:0!important; } .ue53a898c6ee369b7f4532a2bb0743ee8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue53a898c6ee369b7f4532a2bb0743ee8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue53a898c6ee369b7f4532a2bb0743ee8:active , .ue53a898c6ee369b7f4532a2bb0743ee8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue53a898c6ee369b7f4532a2bb0743ee8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue53a898c6ee369b7f4532a2bb0743ee8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue53a898c6ee369b7f4532a2bb0743ee8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue53a898c6ee369b7f4532a2bb0743ee8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue53a898c6ee369b7f4532a2bb0743ee8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue53a898c6ee369b7f4532a2bb0743ee8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue53a898c6ee369b7f4532a2bb0743ee8 .ue53a898c6ee369b7f4532a2bb0743ee8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue53a898c6ee369b7f4532a2bb0743ee8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Youve come a long way baby EssayIn conclusion, people’s lives are multidimensional and intricate. Bromley expresses how intersectionality is based on oppression, privilege and power and how it’s important for us to understand the implications of these structures. The reality of today’s society takes into consideration how multiple identities connect and affect someone’s life.

WHY PEOPLE COMMIT CRIMES Essay Example

WHY PEOPLE COMMIT CRIMES Essay Crime is any action that is termed as an offense and any person who commits crime is liable to punishment by law. There are many reason that make people to commit crimes but people always associate situations such as poverty, lack of enough parental care or neglect, drug abuse and lack of self-esteem as major reasons to why people commit crimes. However, there are major factors that places individuals at risk of committing crimes, the factors can be categorized into four major categories that will examine and explain how biological, socio cultural, psychological, economic and social cultural factors affect the behaviors of individuals and how the factors make them to commit crimes. Biological factors influence people behaviors in different ways, but depending on the factors a person is exposed to, it can incline an individual to committing criminal activities. According to Akers (2013), biology, genetics and evolution are primarily responsible for a persons behavior. Factors such as physical body of a person, inherited genes, structure of the brain, hormonal behavior and factors of evolution influences how a person behaves and it might incline a person to commit criminal activities for example, people with malnutrition as a result of poor diet might cause them to steal (Clinard, Quinney Wildeman, 2014).Conversely, people with neurological deficits, mental illness, low serotonin activity and environmental contaminants rewards for aggressive criminal conduct. Additionally, there are specific types of genes that are associated with crimes hence people with such kinds of genes tend to commit crimes. We will write a custom essay sample on WHY PEOPLE COMMIT CRIMES specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on WHY PEOPLE COMMIT CRIMES specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on WHY PEOPLE COMMIT CRIMES specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The society, culture, and ecological system of individuals defines how they behave or make choices especially in the way they do things. A society where there are no strong regulations on crime will encourage individuals to commit crimes (Akers, 2013).People who live in environments with a lot of danger tend to commit crimes. Similarly, overcrowded places increases rates of hostility hence creating opportunities for crimes. Felson and Boba (2010) argues that the ecological system including interaction with people and the type of environment determines peoples behavior and how they commit crimes. According to Levitt and Lamba-Nieves (2011) the routine activities of people in a given society have effects on how crime activities occur for example a society with a lot of crime offenders and little guardianship will have increased number of people committing crimes because people will get motivated by the able offenders of crime. The social environment that a person gets exposed to and cultural activities that a person engage in determines how he/she will behave and increases the chances of getting involved in criminal activities. According to Clinard, Quinney and Wildeman (2014), people tend to grow inspiration to commit crimes and gain skills for committing crimes through the people they associate with for instance a neighborhood with unravelling social structures such as poor schools or vandalized buildings is likely to have high crime rates. According to Levitt and Lamba-Nieves (2011), a place where there is high population of unemployed people and a mixture of both commercial and residential property will motivate individuals to commit crimes for example stealing through robbery. Felson and Boba (2010) argues that when people have a certain culture for example drug abuse, many will be at risk of committing crimes because they are liable to engage in violence. Conversely, the fact that people are of diffe rent cultural backgrounds, there are some actions that are not considered as crimes in some cultures but according to the law they are crimes and people from a certain culture might commit offenses without their consent. Economic crisis situations for example rise in prices of goods and services, decrease in wages rates, increase in interest rates and high rates of inflation can trigger crimes. Economic stress has been seen to encourage criminal behavior because during such times many people become broke hence encouraging many people to steal coveted properties (Rosenfeld Messner, 2010). According toFelson and Boba (2010), during better economic times, people tend to engage in criminal activities because they have enough money for buying drugs and alcohol which in most cases leads to violence. Similarly, better economic times calls for high rates of robberies as those who are not well off will get tempted to steal from the rich. It is evident that both economic crisis and better economic times calls for high rates of crimes because the poor are greedy of what the rich have which eventually leads to robberies through stealing. Psychological factors of a person that includes the development of an individual characteristics and the role the parents played in upbringing a child might make one to commit criminal activities. According to Felson and Boba (2010), inappropriate practices of child-rearing, neglect of parents, parents criminal behaviors, abuse from parents or relatives and lack of supervision can influence the psychology of a person and it might increase the chances of him/her engaging in criminal activities. Additionally, when people live in an anti-social environment they will be affected psychologically and they will tend to make inappropriate choices such as stealing. From the above it is evident that a number of reasons contributes to occurrence of crimes. People commit crimes because of biological factors that include; genes, hormonal behavior, mental illness, neurological deficiencies, low serotonin activities and the environmental contaminants. The sociocultural factors that make people to commit crimes include; a society with weak regulations and the type of activities that people get involved with. The social and cultural factors that lead people to committing crimes include, the social lives of individuals and the cultural environment they live in. The economic factors include both bad and better economic situations which make people to engage in criminal activities. Finally, psychological factors that include; poor development, parents neglect, abuse, lack of supervision and anti-social environment increases the chances of people engaging in criminal activities. References Akers, R. L. (2013).Criminological theories: Introduction and evaluation. Routledge. Clinard, M. R., Quinney, R., Wildeman, J. (2014).Criminal behavior systems: A typology. Routledge. Felson, M., Boba, R. L. (Eds.). (2010).Crime and everyday life. Sage. Levitt, P., Lamba-Nieves, D. (2011). Social remittances revisited.Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies,37(1), 1-22. Rosenfeld, R., Messner, S. F. (2010). The normal crime rate, the economy, and mass incarceration.Criminology and public policy: Putting theory to work, 45-65.

Importance of Stakeholders Essay Example

Importance of Stakeholders Essay Example Importance of Stakeholders Essay Importance of Stakeholders Essay The importance of stakeholders has increased over recent years. Previously, shareholders were deemed as the main consideration for organisations. After all, these are the people that invest in the company. This is known as stockholder theory and is closely associated with Milton Friedman (1970). Friedman believed that an organisations primary responsibility is to increase its profits for the benefit of shareholders. This was demonstrated in the Dodge v Ford Motor Company case in 1919. Henry Ford deemed that the company had made too much profit, and wanted to share these profits with the public (stakeholders potential customers) by reducing the cost of vehicles. However, shareholders challenged this development and won the case in the Supreme Court, when the court ruled that a business was for the purpose of making profit for its investors. This view has changed in the past 80+ years since this case. Whilst shareholders are an important element to an organisation, they are only one group of stakeholders that organisations have a duty to. It is now recognised that organisations have obligations to other groups that have a vested interest its operations. This change in thinking has led to the development of the stakeholder theory, advocated by Freeman (1984). This theory argues that there are a number of groups to whom businesses are accountable to when determining strategy and pursuing objective(s). The traditional belief is that only direct links to a business, such as shareholders, customers and employees have an input into organisational decisions. But as previously mentioned, stakeholders are not just internal to the organisation itself. When commenting on the importance of stakeholders, Halal (1996:64) referred to a stakeholder model of the organisation. This model views the organisation as a socio-economic system composing of various equally important groups, a view which links in with Freemans theory. Halal believes in the theory of the nature of the firm. In this theory, its stated that managers are dependent on stakeholders and have a need to combine the unique resource each stakeholder contributes, such as investor capital, talents of employees etc. This is a valid viewpoint and builds on the stakeholder theory by identifying the importance of such groups. An organisation that embraces the stakeholder theory is the ING group. In a speech at the Georgetown Business Ethics Institute in 2002, Ewald Krist, the CEO of ING stated: Greater influence is now put on organisations by external stakeholders, such as society itself. Shell fell foul of this in the early 1990s with its Brent Spar plant. The plant, decommissioned in 1991, was due to be dismantled by Shell and disposed of via Deepwater disposal. This created outrage from environmental groups with a belief that the seas should be kept clean. This led both Shell and the UK Government to look at alternate options, with Shell abandoning the deepwater plans in 1995. The plant was finally disposed of in 1999 after long discussions with various stakeholders, and the majority of the construction was used to form a new quay in Norway, a solution acceptable to environmental groups, along with other stakeholders. This showed that even large global companies had important stakeholders to answer to. Shareholders are still an extremely powerful stakeholder. Investors primarily concentrate on profit maximisation but this is not the most important consideration for other stakeholders such as customers, contractors or the local community. There have been numerous occurrences of shareholders ousting directors and chairmen. The most recent one occurred this month, when the chief executive of Deutsche Telecom, Kai-Uwe Ricke resigned after losing the support of key shareholders in the organisation (the German government and private equity firm, Blackstone). FT.com reported that support was lost due to poor results and plans to move 45,000 jobs to lower paid areas. This shows the difficulty in keeping all stakeholders happy. By moving the jobs, it should have increased the profitability of the organisation, and therefore would please shareholders. However, this conflicts with the unions viewpoint, which looks after the workforce and did not want to see profits increase at the expense of employees. Many organisations hit problems when trying to change their strategy. Even basic changes can be met with disdain from certain stakeholders, e. g.

Abortion †Prolife view

Abortion, the termination of pregnancy before the fetus is capable of independent life, can either be spontaneous or induced. It is called the knowing destruction of the life of an unborn child. (Mass General Laws Chapter 112 Section 12K) When abortion occurs spontaneously, it is called a miscarriage. However, when the loss of a fetus is caused intentionally, it is regarded as a moral issue. Abortion destroys the lives of helpless, innocent children and is illegal in many countries. An estimate of 1.2 million are performed each year. In retrospect, an estimate 38,010,378 innocent children were aborted since 1973 when the process was legalized. Plagiarism Detection >Abortion is a simple and safe procedure if it is done by trained medical workers during the first trimester. There are four different techniques utilized during the first twelve weeks of pregnancy. Suction aspiration, also known as vacuum curettage, is the most common surgical means of abortion. This is when a powerful suc tion tube with a sharp cutting edge is inserted into the womb through the dilated cervix. The suction dismembers the body of the developing baby, tearing the placenta from the wall of the uterus, and sucking blood, amniotic fluids, placental tissue, and fetal parts into a bottle. Although it is one of the safer methods, there are still frequent complications such as infection and tearing of the uterus, causing hemorrhaging.Dilatation and Curettage (DC) is another surgical process involving the insertion of a loop shaped steel knife to cut the baby’s body into pieces. The placenta is then scraped off the uterine wall. There is a higher risk of infection with DC and greater blood loss than with Suction aspiration.RU 486 and Methotrexate are two similar types of chemical abortion. RU 486 is a pill that can be taken orally only during the five to nine week period. Three trips must be made to the abortion clinic. In the first, the RU 486 pill is administered after a physical exami nation. During the 2nd, 36 48 hours later, the woman is given a dose of artificial prostaglandins initiating uterine contractions. This causes the embryonic baby to be expelled from the uterus. The third visit, about two weeks later, can determine whether the abortion has been completed or if further surgery is necessary. Methotrexate is administered by intramuscular injection. It attacks growing cells of the trophoblast, which functions as the life support system for the baby. This injection causes the immediate disintegration of sheltering environment in which the embryo lives. Without food or fluids, the living, helpless fetus dies. This dangerous method is rarely used because of its unpredictable side affects.The second trimester includes the thirteenth to twenty-eighth week. Dilatation and Evacuation (DE), similar to DC, uses forceps with sharp metal jaws to grasp the parts of the baby and tear them away from the body. The baby’s skull is often hardened to bone and must sometimes be crushed or compressed. The only side affect is profuse bleeding, and impossible cervical laceration.The rest of the procedures can be done during either the second or third trimester (the twenty-ninth to fortieth week). The first method is Salt Poisoning, otherwise known as saline amniocentesis. A needle is inserted into the abdomen of the mother. Her amniotic fluid is replaced with a solution of concentrated salt. Upon swallowing the salt, the baby is instantly poisoned. This can also cause painful burning of the baby’s skin and deterioration. The baby will die after about an hour. The mother delivers the dead baby after a period of 33 35 hours. Some common side affects are seizures, coma, and even death.Prostaglandins are naturally produced chemical compounds which normally aid in the birthing process. However, the injection of artificial prostaglandins at too early a stage induce violent labor followed by premature birth. Often, various forms of toxins, are inserted to insure dead delivery.Partial Birth Abortion, also known as Dilation and Extraction (DE), is used to abort women who are 20 32 weeks pregnant. The abortionist grabs the unborn baby’s legs with a pair of forceps, pulling the entire baby, excluding the head, into the birth canal. Scissors are jammed and then opened into the baby’s skull, and the brain is suctioned out with a catheter. The dead baby is then removed from the uterus.Hysterotomy is a method generally used when others have failed. Incisions are made into the abdomen and uterus, and the baby is removed. Babies are sometimes born alive during this procedure. This method offers the highest risk to the health of the mother because of the potential of rupturing.Some immediate abortion risks include infection leading to sterility or death, excessive bleeding, high fever, a perforated uterus leading to sterility, shock and death. Abortion also increases the risk of breast cancer, cervical cancer, tubal p regnancy, miscarriage, premature birth, and sterility.The Catholic Church teaches that all humans have a right to live, from the moment of conception until the natural ordained moment of death. According to these teachings, a person is living when as young as an embryo until the last second of life before death. Any of the above stated forms of abortion are morally wrong because they murder a fetus which is living, moving, and breathing. With abortion, we give ourselves dominion over a large part of God’s plan. Our destiny, our fate, and our entire race are intensely affected when we take the decision into our own hands. Playing God by intervening in human life transforms us into murderers. We do not have the capacity to choose life or death for a defenseless fetus.Pope John Paul II teaches that life is always good, a conclusion derived from the handiwork of God in creating man in the image and likeness of God. (Gen. I;26) Thus the human being a limited but true mirror of God ’s glory, has a sublime dignity and his life is held to be inviolable. When the Commandments were handed down to Moses, they were ordained to be true by God. One of those central values was thou shall not kill. Abortion is a direct violation of the fifth Commandment.Even in hard cases such as rape and incest, Catholics believe there are better options. Only one percent of abortions done each year are a result of involuntary sexual occurrences. Every baby is wanted and loved by God who has a distinct plan for their lives. It denies the child the right to live and society the privilege of the child’s gift and contributions to the world. God hears the new life in the womb, the heart within the heart, the anguish cry of hostage child sobbing in the dark.Many times after having an abortion, a woman will become emotionally unstable. Post-abortion syndrome describes the trauma of the woman who finally feels guilty, understands the repercussions of her actions, and regrets her previous decision. Statistics show that 92% feel less in touch with their emotions or feel a need to suppress their emotions. 82% had greater feelings of loneliness or isolation and 86% had increased tendency toward anger or rage. 53% increased or began use of drugs and/or alcohol. 28% attempted suicide. Depression, anxiety, insomnia, and suicide are all common symptoms a woman will encounter after an abortion. Post-abortion counseling is available to aid any woman who is suffering from the pain of death and moral responsibility.In 1973, the process of abortion was legalized in the United States after the cases of Roe verses Wade and Doe verses Bolton. Norma McCorvey lied under oath, saying that she was gang raped. After her testimony, the jury decided to authorize abortions for only the first three months of pregnancy and allowed abortion until birth if a licensed physician judged it necessary for the woman’s health. In the second case, the United States senate judiciary co mmittee concluded that no barriers of any kind would be put on a woman who chose to have an abortion at any stage of her pregnancy.Under United States law, murder is illegal and the consequences for any such action would be imprisonment or, in some states, capital punishment. This is so because human have the rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness according to the Constitution. First and foremost is the right to live. It should not be any different in regards to unborn children. A person is created at the instant of conception. Therefore, every instance of abortion is murder. Even pro-choice activists agree with the scientific aspects of a baby’s development within the womb. They believe that although all the organs of a person are present, it is not a person until its birth. Therefore, in their opinion, the fetus doesn’t have any rights, not even the simple right of existence.How can a woman go through with an abortion if she knows the following facts? At 0 days old, the egg and sperm unite. A new life genetically distinct from the mother’s is created. At 4 days old, the cells begin to differentiate. From 18-21 days, the heart of the baby begins to beat. At 6-7 weeks, the nerves and muscles work together for the first time. At 7 weeks, spontaneous movement is detectable. One hundred thousand new nerve cells are made each minute. From 7-8 weeks, the palm and finger prints form. At 8 weeks, all of the unborn baby’s organs are formed, the feet and hands have taken form, and it has the shape of an adult brain. At 11 weeks, all the body systems are working and hiccups can occur. At 3 months old, there is a distinct individuality in behavior. At 4 months old, kicks of the feet can be detected, females have all 5 million ova formed, and the mother will start to show. At 5 months old, there is response to sound and light. At 6 months old, if cared for properly, the baby can be born prematurely.So what exactly is the question ? Life begins at the moment of conception, which was established. If it is murder to kill a human being, in any stage of life, there should be no debate. If it is a moral and social sin, why is this paper even necessary? It should be evident, through our own human nature that to kill our own offspring is WRONG. Life begets life. We have an obligation to the world to keep human life sacred. More than that however, we have an obligation to our own bodies not to allow such violence to be committed. Although this deprivation is one in which the child is denied life, it is one in which the mother is denied the joy and opportunity to raise that baby. In the long run, this will inflict pain on herself, and with each year passing, the emotional effects become more and more taxing. Even Norma McCorvy herself, better known as Jane Roe (in Roe vs. Wade) admits that abortion is an evil, as she is presently an active member of the pro-life movement.Many believe that abortion should be legalized for the extreme cases of pregnancy due to rape and incest. If a child is a product of violence, there is no need to harm another person’s life trying to heal the pain of the woman. This only guarantees further emotional stress for the victimized woman in the future. The disgusting descriptions and pictures available showing the dead baby after the process can change one’s mind. The tiny, innocent looking little babies have suffered a great deal of pain in their last minutes of survival. Because a brain, heart, and nerves have been developed, a fetus is able to feel death just as any other human would. A mother whose child is killed is always devastated with her loss. It is natural for a mother to feel the same way after having her child aborted before having a chance to care for and nurture her son or daughter who is a part of her.In conclusion, through research and evaluation of data, we have determined that abortion is morally wrong and destructive in all circumstanc es. God, the ultimate creator who decides the fate of all humans who come into existence, is the only One with the ability to choose life or death for His people. For us to make this decision ourselves, we are taking dominion over God and disregarding the Predestination that He intends for each living person.Works Cited   Fettner, Ann Giudici. Abortion. Compton’s Interactive Encyclopedia. 1996.Hope and Healing. Massachusetts Citizens for Life. Elliot Institute, 1998.Levy, Robert J. Abortion. Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia. 1993-1995.Pro Life Reference Journal. Massachusetts Citizens for Life. Massachusetts Citizens for Life. 1998Schwarz, Dr. Stephen. The Moral Question of Abortion. [Online] Available: http://www.ohiolife.org/mqa/13-5.htm.Unknown. Abortion Techniques: Suction Aspiration. [Online] Available: http://www.nrlc.org/abortion/asmf4.html. Plagiarism Detection >Unknown. Is Abortion Safe: Physical Complications. [Online] Available: http://www.nrlc.org/abortion/asmf l3.htmlUnknown. Over 38 Million Abortions in U.S. since 1973. [Online] Available: http://www.nrlc.org/abortion/aboramt.html

Experiance of Childhood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Experiance of Childhood - Essay Example It is rightly said "There is a garden in every childhood, an enchanted place where colors are brighter, the air softer, and the morning more fragrant than ever again." (Lawrence 1999) Sometimes I wish to get back into my childhood where things were so simple and not complicated and life was like a piece of chocolate. I remember some moments of my childhood which I cherish even today. I remember the experience of my father helping me out with various learning processes, be it my first bicycle ride or helping me out with learning to write, holding my hand and helping me to make alphabets, when I was in kindergarten. The most interesting part of my childhood was my school days. I had always been a friendly being and a social animal. I made a lot of friends at school. I had always this attitude of interacting with as many people as I can whom I come across, so I had a big friendship circle. I used to play soccer with my friends who lived nearby my place and in the evening I used to watch cartoon shows on television. When I was nine my father changed my school and I was put into the most reputed school of that area. Thanks to my friendly nature I made a lot of friends there as well. It was a lot of learning process there, from where I started loving my childhood even more. After school my mother used to come to pick me up and then I used to go for the swimming after taking a rest of about two hours. My father always insisted me to pick up a sport ever since I was nine years old. Initially I didn't have any interest in swimming, though I used to go for it everyday. But later I developed a keen interest in the sport and I started learning it with much of interest. I remember when I was about to be 10 , I stood second in the district swimming championship. I was so excited that I thought I have conquered this world and therefore I demanded for a bicycle. I saw in a nearby shop a brand new bicycle with speed-gear technology, I insisted my parents to buy me that bicycle but they got me a simple bicycle. Initially after getting that simple bicycle I was not happy but later I was bribed with chocolates and ice-cream by my mother and I was happy with th at bicycle. Imagine the innocence of a kid to adjust with his liking for ice-cream and chocolates. Later when was 10 years old my dad took me for an educational trip round the country and I saw various parts of the country including some parts blessed with natural beauty. One of the most amazing thing that I can never forget about my childhood was my Maths class .I was always weal in this subject and so I generally used to feel uncomfortable in that class. I never got an A grade in that subject and I literally used to struggle in that subject. I developed interest in dance and i insisted my mother to join me dance classes. My parents thought that it was a waste of time and money and refused it, but i was adamant of joining the class and kept on insisting my parents and they finally gave up and made me join it. I was excited and I learned a lot there and I made many friends there as well. The biggest surprise of my childhood was on my 12th birthday when my parents gifted me a Compute r. I was so excited but basically to play games on it. My parents have always been co-operative and interactive with me and I learned a lot from them . I can remember that day when I landed up with a fight with one of my classmates and my parents were called

Velocity Distribution of a Circular Air Jet Lab Report

Velocity Distribution of a Circular Air Jet - Lab Report Example 7.3 Repeat the procedure for x=10D 7.4 The graphs should be symmetrical about the centerline. Decide for which graph, which value for y is at the center so that by subtraction, it is possible to plot V against radius r, measured from the centerline of the jet. 8 Analysis 8.1 Replot small versions of the three v, y curves on a plan view, identify and label (i) the edge of the jet (ii) the core, in which the air velocity is v0 (iii) the mixing region, where v is less than v0 8.2 From the plan view measure the divergence angle of the jet 8.3 Plot the centerline velocity distribution 8.4 Calculate q0, the volume flow rate leaving the nozzle, in m3s-3. It reasonable to assume that v0 is constant in the nozzle exit plane. 8.5 Calculate q10, the volume flow rate at x = 10D. In this case the air velocity is not constant thus it is necessary to integrate to find the volume flow rate. 9. Results of the air jet experiment: Air Jet v distribution x=1D pitot position (mm) inches mm 0 0.875 22.225 20 0.87 22.098 40 0.875 22.225 60 0.875 22.225 80 0.86 21.884 100 0.8 20.32 150 0.61 15.494 200 0.44 11.176 250 0.24 6.096 300 0.24 6.096 350 0.18 4.572 400 0.145 3.683 450 0.11 2.794 Air Jet v distribution x=2D pitot position (mm) inches mm 0 0 0 10 0.01 2.254 15 0.09 2.286 20 0.51 12.954 25 0.84 21.336 30 0.84 21.336 35 0.795 20.193 40 0.765 19.431 45 0.48 12.192 50 0.12 3.048 55 0.05 1.27 60 0 0 Air Jet v distribution x=10D pitot position...However, in this experiment the error can be considered as negligible A fan supplies air to a nozzle, which can provide a circular uniform jet of air. The nozzle is 30 mm in diameter. The velocity distribution in the jet is measured using a pitot static tube. The Pitot-static tube can be traversed across the jet diameter and also across its length by sliding the support against a millimeter scale to record its position. The pitot static tube is connected to an inclined manometer. 7.2 Measure the air velocity at points along the horizontal diameter at x=2D. Plot the variation of v with y as you take your readings. Use your judgment over how many points you need, ensuring that you locate the endpoints at the edge of the jet 7.4 The graphs should be symmetrical about the centerline. Decide for which graph, which value for y is at the center so that by subtraction, it is possible to plot V against radius r, measured from the centerline of the jet. The pressure in the center of the jet is higher at the point of origin. The pressure stabilizes further away to the point of origin to match the surrounding pressure and hence the jet spreads out as it flows in order to reduce its density.

Sparrow Hawk Red :: Ben Mikaelson essays research papers

This book is about a boy named Ricky, he is a Mexican who lives in Southern Arizona. He only lives with his dad because his mother was killed in a car accident. Ricky and his dad have a bi-plane that they fly to relieve stress and forget about the death of Ricky’s mom.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One day when Ricky and his dad just got done landing, there were some DEA agents waiting for them at their ranch. Ricky’s dad used to work in the DEA and they were back to ask him to help them steal and plane from the Cartel mansion in Mexico. The plane is supposed to have some sort of navigational system that only the DEA are supposed to have. Ricky isn’t supposed to know any of this but he listens secretly in another room. When he is listening he also finds out that his mother was actually murdered by the Cartel instead of a car accident.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Ricky finds out that his dad doesn’t want to go and steal the plane from the Cartel, it ticks him off and he decides to do it himself. So Ricky secretly runs away one day instead of going to school and goes to Mexico.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One day when Ricky is on his way to a village in Mexico that is near the Cartel mansion, he buys a burrito on the street and some boys see how much money he has. He runs away from them for awhile but ends up being cornered. They beat the living crap out of him and take all his money and his shoes. After Ricky wakes up from the beatings, there is a girl sitting across the alley from him. She tells him where the Cartel mansion is located, and she takes him to a restaurant and they eat food out of garbage cans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the ending, Ricky goes in the Mansion’s gate as a taco runner, and steals the plane.

Maintaining Computer Systems Essay

Polices are something that are needed in the work place because they make sure that all the information that is collected is both safe and secure but also making sure that the information isn’t leaked outside the company. The information that can be leaked from a company is ranged from personal information of the employees that work there or something that will allow the company to lose many millions of pounds, if this happens, the company could be forced into legal proceedings to protect its own interests. As well as attempting to steal the leaked information, the information could also be used for reasons such as discriminating, harassing against or earning a profit against them and the information. All the different examples can be related back to the Data Protection Act (1998), Computer Misuse Act (1990) and the Copyright Design and Patents Act (1988) this is the protection of any material created meaning that it can‘t be copied by anyone without permission, this act also gives the creator the freedom to take someone to court if they feel their product has been used in a way they have no permission too. Without certain acts being put into place someone could easily take the information from one person and pretend to be them in a different place, either on the internet or within the work place. Repercussions could mean the user loses their job or money because it would look like they would be doing things they shouldn’t be. Issues There are many different issues that organisations will have to deal with somewhere down the line such as data going missing or the theft or breakages of systems, the company will have different procedures that would need to be put into the place before the problems arise so they can be prepared and can act quickly, this would be to avoid losing hours of work. Health and Safety As everything else that is put into the workplace, a fully working and up-to-date health and safety legislation is needed to be put into place. This is to allow the workers to feel completely safe within the work environment and examples include CCTV cameras and fire alarms and equipment, these are checked regularly to make sure they are fully operational. The health and safety policy is put in place to also protect the business because if a worker is found to have hurt themselves but the company would be seem to not be at fault because of the policy being put in place. There are other forms of health and safety that workers would need to be aware of when working such as electrocution when using the system, trapping parts of themselves within the computer system (for example, trapping a finger within a part of the computer such as the fan,) fire and static shocks. Some of these can be stopped by the user such as waiting for the computer to be off before attempting to change or fix any parts and therefore reducing the chance of being electrocuted and leaving no chance of being a finger trapped within the computer system, but sometimes there are things that would be out of the individual’s control such as fires but when this type of problem arises, that’s when it would be up to the company to fix and sort out, rather than the individual. The precautions that can be taken by the individual can include taking fire safety training courses; this allows the user to be ready for any emergency that could come up and would save the company vast amounts of money. Other precautions that can be completed by the individual can include wearing a band that stops electrics shocks to the user, these can help to company not lose any hours that could be spent working but it can also make a worker seem highly needed and important to the team, therefore these small changes can be good on both scales.

Creative Writings About Aspects Of Social Class

Abstract Perhaps, most people in the world believe that United States is the place to access greener pastures. Therefore there are many immigrants to america.The immigrants get into United States through illegal and legal means so as to access the opportunities believed to exist, (The Great Migration, 2002). In most cases the concept of social class is linked to social identity, ecomomic role and political affiliation, (Devine, 1997). Status consistency puts into consideration the plurality of status in society. Each member of the society is ranked in different hierarchies. Individuals are claimed to have consistent status if the status he has are in equal levels. Poverty is deficiency of basic needs such as clothing, food, education and health care, (Kendell, 2007).Arguably Social mobility refers to a way in which individual undergo changes in their social status. It is observed by many to be a measure of equality of opportunities in human life. In America too social mobility of most of Afri can Americans are influenced and determined by parents, own talent, luck and motivation. The paper will focuses on social class, poverty and social mobility especially the African Americans society. Poverty Debatably, poverty is one of the greatest problems in the world, especially the third world countries. The big issue is to clearly understand who a poor person is? Furthermore it is important to understand its causes so as to find a valid solution. Poverty is deficiency of basic needs such as clothing, food, education and health care, (Brady, 2003). Additionally in the contemporary world it is viewed as a lifestyle and state of mind of an individual. In most cases it determines the worthiness of life. There is variance in the levels of poverty in different countries. In America 12% of its population are blacks, approximately a quarter of this are poor. Despite the mentality that people have in America, poverty has been there. However natural occurrence such has hurricane Katrina has made Americans to discuss about the issue of poverty, (Brady, 2003). In United States the rate of death of African Americans is alarming in addition some of the factors that affect the economy and welfare of the blacks include unemployment, incarceration and low number of college graduates, (Kendell,2007). Poverty arises due to violation of rights of individuals as well as social injustices. Poverty puts one into a state of not able to claim his rights. In America the black Americans faced injustices long ago; these factors have led to the continuity of poverty. This includes slavery and discrimination. The youth and energetic men who could be productive die in the streets most of its cause is homicide. Hence most of the productive generation die early leaving no impact in the economy .Additionally, HIV has caused lots of deaths among the young men in America and other parts of the world especially the African Americans. Drugs in the streets have increased tremendously. Therefore most of the youth either sell the drugs or are the big consumers of the drugs. At this point it becomes clear how it is difficult for the youth to bring changes at all. They become addicts hence theirs is only to look for means of getting it. Most smokers die of lung cancer due to smoking.Gangster control the streets and ghettos hence most of them end up in prison. In most poor regions, people spend more of their money on food; therefore the demand increases and prices too increase. This will reduce the purchasing power. Hence the cost of living will automatically rise, making the poor less able to access basic needs, (Brady, 2003). The vicious cycle of poverty is another cause of poverty. Most of the African Americans have a history on poverty from the past. Therefore it makes it difficult for the young generation to change their class .Poverty will form a continuous chain.Discrimination in the past made it hard for African Americans to get opportunities in the government. Illiteracy, high cost of education and high competitions leads to reduction of opportunities to gain wealth. Social class Social class entails the cultural and economic arrangements of different individuals in society. The class system is an important tool used by political scientists, social historians, sociologists and anthropologists in analyzing human beings way of life, (Devine, 1997). In sociology the issue of social class is discussed by use of social stratification. In most cases it is in tree levels: lower class, middle class and upper class. As an African American I believed I belonged to the middle class in the American society. The upper class are individual who are powerful in the society they are viewed by many to be the elite group. In the world there are some societies with no class concepts at all. In this communities all people are equal, hence no competition to achieving a higher level of social class. In the theory of Marxist, class is divided in to two groups. The owners of production and those who only use labor services for survival. The concept of class has led to distinctive features of lifestyle in society. For example the so called the powerful class use grooming, costumes, language codes and manners that are so unique to others,(Kendell, 2007 ).In the contemporary society the concept of class is well established. Social class can be determined when one is born or through struggle in lifetime. It can be achieved or ascribed. Most of African Americans have achieved status. They acquire it through skill, merit, actions and abilities. In America there are many consequences of social class. The inequalities in all sectors of life are widely spread. The consumption of goods and services is most consequences that are visible. The issue of variation in consumption is caused by inequalities in income. The people in the lower class can’t access expensive and luxurious lifestyle. The individuals in the middle class too can afford some but not has much as those in the upper class. Despite the fact that income is not a general factor when it comes to issue of class, research shows that that in upper class have high income as compared to individuals in lower classes, (Devine, 1997). The only thing that people enjoy being members of the middle class in America is the freedom in they get from their occupations. Mostly they ate respected, exhibit authority and enjoy diverse aspects of life. The lower classes are mostly alienated. The conditions at work place vary greatly between different classes. Being in the middle class it is all about job routine .Working is not free from injuries, death and other health hazard issues, (Kendell, 2007). In addition class system has clear impacts on the lifestyles of people. The lifestyle of individuals includes preference general lifestyle of living and taste. The lifestyle has great impact in the attainment of education which in later life has an impact of the class attainment. Children from different classes are raised differently.People in the upper class will probably raised their kids to attain the upper class. It is easy for one to move downward in the social class and stratification but not from moving up the class. Status consistency puts into consideration the plurality of status in society. All members have ranking different hierarchies. Individual are claimed to have consistent status if the status he has are in equal level, (Lareau,.et al,. 2008). Conversely, when status of an individual is different level of horizon they are experiencing inconsistency of status.Indivudual have [powers to determine the consistency of their status. In the U.S there are different models used by sociologist to describe class. Weberian and Marxian approaches have been used to develop the models. According to Weber there are some elements which affect class structure, this include occupation of the head of the family, education and the income of the family, (Euchar, 1989). Marxian put many emphases on ownership and production .The classes included the capitalists, they owned property and power. The second is the managerial class who has control on the workers and means of production. Small-business individuals are the craftsmen and owners of small-businesses which have very low return. In most cases they do their own activities. Finally the working class, in this category there are skilled and unskilled workers. Social mobility Arguably, Social mobility refers to a way in which individual undergo changes in their social status. It is observed by many to be a measure of equality of opportunities in human life. In America too social mobility of most of African Americans are influenced and determined by parents, own talent, luck and motivation. These factors determine if an individual gets a chance to move upwards or move downwards, (Kendell, 2007). The changes expected are mostly related to the position in society that concern social hierarchy. In the United States mobility policy is affected by education, public transport and other welfare factors. In order to understand upward mobility of African American we should use inter-sectionalist concept. The context of education is what most of the African American has put their efforts when hoping for an upward mobility. Education too is a tool used by African American to assimilate with the whites and the American society, (Tischler, 2007). Most of the blacks in America have invested in education but at the end of the day there is still a wide gap in the income between them and the whites. According to me upward mobility among the blacks in American is an individual efforts and potential. But for many years lots of interest in the social mobilized is focused on whether America is still a good place to secure an opportunity. In America the children of the black Americans always struggle to move upwards to a better position in the social structure, mostly higher than the position of their parents. Research shows that there has been an upward mobility if African American men due to their hard work, (Kendell, 2007).What is not clear is whether the trend will continue for a long time. Many blacks in the ghettoes have invested in education; this can be a speculative factor of the future of the blacks in America when it comes to social mobility. In most cases sociologists put much emphasis on intergenerational mobility. This is because it is much easier to recognize changes that occur across generations. In America where people are divided in color it makes it difficult to ch ange from one social class to another. This implies that social mobilit5y is at its minimal. The factors that cause changes in such society include skills, abilities, education, wealth and use of merits. In the United States there is high level discrimination of blacks by the whites. This discrimination occurs in different sectors of American economy, (Tischler,.et al,. 2007). Market segmentations and discriminations makes difficult for African Americans to experience upward mobility. Despite the efforts ion education the returns of labor that the educated were to receive is reduced. Therefore in America the African Americans face lots of challenges in the struggle for upward mobility. References Beeghley, L. (2004).The Structure of Social Stratification in the United States .New York: Pearson. Kendell, D. (2007).Sociology in our Times: The Essential. New York: Wiley. Tischler, L., Henry,. (2007). Introduction to Sociology.Califonia: Wadsworth. Devine, C. (1997).Social Class in America and Britain.Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. â€Å"The Great Migration†.Rican American World. (2002).Retrieved on October 12, 2007. Lareau, A., Conley, D,. (2008). Social Class: How does it Work?.New York: Russell. Brady, D.(2003) Rethinking the Sociological Measurement of Poverty Social sources Vol. 81   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   No.3,Retrieved on March 2003. Euchar, M. (1989). Occupation and Class Consciousness in America .Boston: Greenwood Press.